This article outlines the new chess variants and how to play them. Many of these chess variants (and more) have been added to. In September 2020 hosted a roundtable discussion with Kramnik and members of the DeepMind team where they discussed variants and other topics. In 20 GM Vladimir Kramnik was able to spend some time with AlphaZero and the DeepMind team to explore chess variants and co-wrote a paper with DeepMind about the exploration of new chess variants, including sideways pawns, no castling, torpedo chess (where pawns can always move forward one or more squares). The results didn't change much-AlphaZero defeated Stockfish again with a score of 155 wins, 839 draws, and 6 losses. This time, the current version of Stockfish (version 9 at the time) was used, Stockfish was able to use a strong opening book in many of the games, the time controls were adjusted (with Stockfish having large time advantages), and Stockfish was run on the same type of hardware used in the Top Chess Engine Championships (TCEC). Roughly one year after the first match, DeepMind published a new paper that announced an updated version of AlphaZero had defeated Stockfish in a 1,000-game match. GM Hikaru Nakamura stated: "I don't necessarily put a lot of credibility in the results simply because my understanding is that AlphaZero is basically using the Google supercomputer, and Stockfish doesn't run on that hardware Stockfish was basically running on what would be my laptop." Nakamura had some doubts about the first AlphaZero-Stockfish match. Some also found it unfair that Stockfish was not allowed to use its opening book and its endgame tablebase.
Others questioned the results because of the disparity of hardware used in the first match. It approaches the 'Type B,' human-like approach to machine chess dreamt of by Claude Shannon and Alan Turing instead of brute force." Other grandmasters shared Nielsen's sentiment, including the legendary GM Garry Kasparov, who told, "It's a remarkable achievement. The public was given 10 example games from this match, and the chess world's reaction was borderline disbelief. GM Peter Heine Nielsen likened watching AlphaZero's games to seeing a superior species landing on earth and showing us how to play chess: AlphaZero’s AccomplishmentsĪs mentioned, AlphaZero defeated the world's strongest chess engine, Stockfish, in a one-sided 100-game match in December 2017 (scoring 28 wins, 72 draws, and zero losses). When DeepMind and the AlphaZero team speak, the chess world listens!įrom the moment it stepped onto the scene, AlphaZero has changed chess by spawning a new generation of neural network chess engines, by contributing to chess variants, and through its transcendent games. In 2020 DeepMind and AlphaZero continued to contribute to the chess world in the form of different chess variants. Even Stockfish, the conventional brute-force king, has added neural networks. Leela Chess Zero, Leelenstein, Alliestein, and others try to emulate AlphaZero's learning and playing style. The match results versus Stockfish and AlphaZero's incredible games have led to multiple open-source neural network chess projects being created. Unfortunately, AlphaZero is not available to the public in any form. The AlphaZero-Stockfish matches changed the chess world. AlphaZero would go on to defeat Stockfish in a second match consisting of 1,000 games the results were published in a paper in late 2018. In December 2017, DeepMind published a research paper that announced that AlphaZero had easily defeated Stockfish in a 100-game match. Image: .ĪlphaZero runs on custom hardware that some have referred to as a "Google Supercomputer"-although DeepMind has since clarified that AlphaZero ran on four tensor processing units (TPUs) in its matches. According to DeepMind, AlphaZero reached the benchmarks necessary to defeat Stockfish in a mere four hours. In other words, it was only given the rules of the game and then played against itself many millions of times (44 million games in the first nine hours, according to DeepMind).ĪlphaZero uses its neural networks to make extremely advanced evaluations of positions, which negates the need to look at over 70 million positions per second (like Stockfish does). It is a computer program that reached a virtually unthinkable level of play using only reinforcement learning and self-play in order to train its neural networks.
Here is what you need to know about AlphaZero:ĪlphaZero was developed by the artificial intelligence and research company DeepMind, which was acquired by Google.
Let's learn more about this powerful chess entity. It was not defeated by a human but by an unknown computer program that seemed to be otherworldly-AlphaZero. In 2017 the chess world was shaken to its core when Stockfish (the world's strongest chess engine) was defeated in a one-sided match.
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